Assuming Eclipse is used to develop Android app. After the development work is done, before publishing your app in Google Play or Amazon Android Store, there are still several things need to be done:
Add proguard.config=
proguard.cfg to project.properties. Although proguard.config is automatically generated, it is not turned on by default. You need to manually add it to project.properties to enable it in your building process, otherwise your apk file contains symbols which are easier to be reverse engineered.
Disable debug in AndroidManifest.xml, then export the app. Check proguard directory is created under your project directory. mapping.txt contains mapped symbols whereas seeds.txt contains unmapped symbols. Send the apk file to your email and open it on your Android device, then you can install it on your Android device and test it. You can also put it on a private web server and download it on your Android device to install it.
Create an EULA and a dialog to show EULA to the user the first time the app is run. Unlike iPhone App Store, Google Play does not have a general EULA for Android apps, so you had better to have one by yourself to provide at least some shelter.